Image-potential-induced states at metal surfaces
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The unequivocal observation in the early 1980s of a new class of unnocupied surface states that are bound to the vacuum level of a variety of metal surfaces has led over the last two decades to an active area of research in condensed-matter and surface physics. We discuss the key ingredients of the theory of these so-called image states, which have their origin in the long range nature of the image potential outside a solid.
11 pages, 3 figures, to appear in J. Electron Spectrosc
11 pages, 3 figures, to appear in J. Electron Spectrosc